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Organized crime and security : drug cartels : the global capacity of a rising security threat
Ibáñez de Foerster, Marcela ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Over the last four decades organized crime groups, particularly, drug trafficking organizations or drug cartels, have managed to be under the spotlight of the security agendas of American countries such as Colombia and the United States. During the last two decades, however, the global securitization of the drug trafficking issue, has led them to become a major security threat not only for the Americas, but also for Europe and more recently for West African countries. These organizations pose a threat not only to the security of the state, but to the very essence of it, by corrupting and damaging everything they come in contact with at the political, social, economical and even cultural level. This graduate thesis presents an analysis on Latin American drug trafficking organizations or drugs cartels, as they are commonly known, focusing on the cases of Colombian and Mexican drug cartels. By comparing these two case studies, I suggest that today's Mexican drug trafficking organizations have gained their momentum and incommensurable strength by following the footsteps of the big three Colombian drug cartels that existed between the 1980s and 1990s. The first chapter will expose the definitions and concepts surrounding the research of organized crime. In the second and third chapters, both the...
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Impact of Organized Crime on the Press Freedom: Comparison of Mexico and Colombia
Horák, Benjamin ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected elements of organized crime and its impact on the freedom of the press. The thesis aims to confirm or refute the hypothesis that organized crime impacts press freedom using a qualitative comparative case study analysis of selected countries. As mentioned above, organized crime is such a complex concept that it is essential to define the specific actors or elements of this criminal activity. This paper focuses on selected actors, which are organized criminal groups - drug cartels and corruption as an element of organized crime. The research questions the thesis seeks to answer are "How do drug cartels affect the freedom of the press?" and "How does corruption affect press freedom?". If the hypothesis is confirmed, the author will seek to answer the additional sub-question, "How do Mexico and Colombia approach the impact of organized crime on press freedom?". The results of the thesis confirm the hypothesis and conclude that organized crime impacts press freedom. The two specific sources of this influence, i.e., drug cartels and corruption, affect press freedom mainly through extensive violence against journalists, thus having a systematic and long-term negative impact on their security. Another means of influence is undermining the state's capacity and...
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Security Situation in Columbia in a Context of the Drug Trafficking and its Impact on the Region
Kačírek, Lukáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
The thesis is concerned with the drug trade in Colombia, country with the largest drug production in the world. It is aimed especially at the age of drug cartels that used to have an eminent impact on the country's security situation. Firstly, it explains the main causes of the Colombian conflict. Afterwards, cartels from Medellín and Cali are introduced. After their downfall, they were shortly replaced by the Norte del Valle cartel. This cartel was however less successful in the drug field. After the downfall of the two important cartels, the drug field splintered. The thesis is briefly focused on the present situation as well. Guerilla groups also play a significant role in the conflict, thus one of the chapters is dedicated to them. Specific chapter is concerned with the reflection of the USA in the conflict - it introduces their role during the first half of the twentieth century as well as Plan Colombia. The last chapter discusses Colombia's relations with regional states in the crucial era from the view of drug trade. These states are specifically Peru, Bolivia and Mexico. The end of the thesis evaluates what kind of a state Colombia was in the second half of the twentieth century according to the Robert Rotberg's state theory.
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Drogové kartely v Mexiku jako bezpečnostní hrozba pro stát
Amler, Patrik
The topic of the thesis are the activities of drug cartels in Mexico, which can act as a threat to the state. To assess the severity of threats was used the concept of security offered by representatives of the Copenhagen School. They divide security into five sectors and allow us to do a deeper analysis. This is a case study where a few cases are examined in depth. The main objective is therefore to assess whether the activity of Mexican drug cartels is an objective threat to the state. As part of our work, we set a secondary goal. It consists in comparison the approaches of former Mexico presidents Felipe Calderón and Enrique Peña Nieta in the context of the fight against drug cartels. We will therefore concentrate on common but also different features in the respective policies of both actors.
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Military transgressions against the human rights throughout the Mexican drug wars after 2008
Kurejová, Katarína ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis is dealing with the issue of wars against drug cartels in Mexico. Although war on drug cartels was firstly declared by American president Richard Nixon in 1971, in Mexico it was fully declared by president Felipe Calderón in 2006. With the entrance of more than 45 000 of troops and president's aim to detain or kill all of the major drug lords, harms of civilians arrived as well. Except for drug cartels, state forces committed them, too. This thesis focuses on period after 2008, when conflicts between army and the drug cartels started to escalate; nonethless hassles between army and civilians started to escalate as well. This thesis is a descriptive case study. The aim as to look at the history of drug wars, to bring readers closer to the idea of formation of drug cartels, to analyze the government's actions against them and to describe in detail incidents, in which military transgressions against human rights took place. In described incidents it is important to concentrate on the number of people who have been hurt, what type of harms did they suffer and in which situation those harms happened. The description of cases is followed by a comparison based on aforementioned indicators. The research question of this work is how much violence has been committed by the military...
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Security Situation in Columbia in a Context of the Drug Trafficking and its Impact on the Region
Kačírek, Lukáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
The thesis is concerned with the drug trade in Colombia, country with the largest drug production in the world. It is aimed especially at the age of drug cartels that used to have an eminent impact on the country's security situation. Firstly, it explains the main causes of the Colombian conflict. Afterwards, cartels from Medellín and Cali are introduced. After their downfall, they were shortly replaced by the Norte del Valle cartel. This cartel was however less successful in the drug field. After the downfall of the two important cartels, the drug field splintered. The thesis is briefly focused on the present situation as well. Guerilla groups also play a significant role in the conflict, thus one of the chapters is dedicated to them. Specific chapter is concerned with the reflection of the USA in the conflict - it introduces their role during the first half of the twentieth century as well as Plan Colombia. The last chapter discusses Colombia's relations with regional states in the crucial era from the view of drug trade. These states are specifically Peru, Bolivia and Mexico. The end of the thesis evaluates what kind of a state Colombia was in the second half of the twentieth century according to the Robert Rotberg's state theory.
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War od Drug Cartels in Mexico and Columbia
Jedlička, Jan ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes and compares the fight against the drug cartels in Colombia and Mexico from the point of view of US foreign policy. The first section contains a general description of the historical development of drug trafficking in both countries, which is crucial for a better understanding of the whole issue and subsequently examines the role of the United States in either case. The last section describes and compares connections and differences that can be found in both countries.
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Mexican illegal trade in the context of organized crime
Uvírová, Šárka ; Zamykalová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Gullová, Soňa (referee)
This thesis focuses on the highly discussed topic of organized crime in Mexico and the illegal business operations carried out by Mexican groups of organized crime denominated drug cartels. The text is divided into two parts. The theoretical part includes definitions, characteristics and trends of organized crime and illegal trade and problems in dealing with this problem. The practical part then focuses on the specific situation in Mexico (cartels, their activities, functioning, influence and solution proposal). This paper aims to analyze the current situation and functioning of drug cartels in the country through different perspectives (typology, activities, way and cause of their origin) in order to map their impact and influence, while demonstrating that these groups fulfill the global concept of international organized crime. Partial targets will be the comparison of the functioning of these groups of organized crime and legal businesses; find out whether or not these activities affect political and economic development; based on the previous information analyze key issues and last, but not least to propose solutions to combat this phenomenon.
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The comparison of american-mexican relations in the context of the drug war during administration of president Calderon and Nieto
Mladá, Pavlína ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Werner, Jan (referee)
Mexico is facing a complicated problem of not only a drug production, but also being labelled the position of the most significant transit country for the drug commerce from South America to the USA. Each country has its own role namely as the Mexico the main supplier and USA the main consumer. The bachelor thesis is addressing the american-mexican relations since the beginning of the year 2006 when the drug war in Mexico was started. The main goal of the thesis is to examine the measures of the american-mexican cooperation in the elimination of the organized crime during the time period and to compare what results it brought and if it was successful. The next goal is to define the security situation in Mexico during the period and to compare the remedies of the Mexican presidents.
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Mexican Drug War
Jančík, Jan ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis is focused on description of situation which occurred after presidential elections in Mexico in 2006 when newly elected president Felipe Calderón launched massive operation targeted on eradicating drug cartels using both police and military capacities. This operation however meant huge upheaval and rise of violence caused not only by clashes of cartels with government but also by fights among warring cartels struggling for power and territory. The main aim of this thesis is to provide basic summary of this six years era considering all the main players, their territories and shifting of power and also to find out if the surging death rate after the year 2006 was primarily caused by Calderón's decision to deploy armed forces to fight drug cartels.
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